CASES

Compact pressure transmitters offer multiple advantages in selection and application. The following is an explanation from two aspects: application advantages and selection key points: I. Application Advantages  Compact Size & Flexible Installation: With a compact structure, it is suitable for installation in space-constrained scenarios (such as dense pipeline areas, inside equipment), saving installation space. It also supports multiple installation methods (threaded, flange, etc.).  High Measurement Accuracy & Stability: Equipped with a high-precision sensor, it can accurately measure pressure parameters (such as absolute pressure, gauge pressure, differential pressure). It is less affected by environmental interferences like temperature and vibration, resulting in small long-term use errors.  Wide Application Range: It can measure various media including liquids, gases, and steam, with a wide range of measurement ranges (from negative pressure to high pressure), meeting the needs of different fields such as industrial production, environmental protection, and medical care.  Convenient Signal Transmission: It usually outputs standard electrical signals (e.g., 4-20mA, 0-5V), which facilitates connection with control systems such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and DCS (Distributed Control System), enabling remote monitoring and automatic control.  Strong Protection Performance: Some models have protection ratings for water resistance, dust resistance, and corrosion resistance (e.g., IP65/IP68), allowing stable operation in harsh environments (humid, dusty, corrosive media). II. Selection Key Points  Measuring Medium & Environment: Based on the medium characteristics (corrosiveness, viscosity, temperature, etc.), select appropriate materials (e.g., 316L stainless steel, Hastelloy) and protection ratings. Consider environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and vibration, and choose models with strong weather resistance.  Measurement Range & Accuracy: Determine the measurement range according to actual measurement needs (a margin of about 20% should be reserved). The accuracy class is usually above Class 0.5, and Class 0.1 can be selected for high-precision scenarios (e.g., laboratories).  Output Signal Type: Select the signal type based on the back-end interface. The commonly used ones are 4-20mA current signals (with anti-interference performance) or RS485 digital signals (suitable for long-distance transmission).  Installation Method: Choose threaded connection (e.g., G1/2, M20*1.5), flange connection, or clamp-type installation according to the on-site pipeline and equipment structure, ensuring firm installation and easy maintenance. III. Typical Application Scenarios  HVAC Systems: Monitor pipeline pressure, requiring low power consumption and small size.  Medical Equipment: Demanding high precision and biocompatible materials.  Mobile Hydraulics: Featuring anti-vibration and anti-shock design.  Food & Pharmaceutical Industry: Equipped with sanitary interfaces (e.g., 3A certification). By comprehensively evaluating the medium, environment, signal requirements, and budget, the most suitable compact pressure transmitter can be selected. Contact Information Website: https://www.radar-leveltransmitter.com/ Email: 2851571250@qq.com Phone: 15901050329

Hydrogen has a wide range of uses and abundant sources. It not only has high energy density but also does not cause environmental pollution. Nowadays, in the pursuit of addressing climate change and building a decarbonized society, the development and utilization of hydrogen energy have been listed as an energy strategic direction by countries around the world. The Hydrogen Council predicts that by 2050, hydrogen energy supply will account for 18% of the global total energy demand, making it the most promising energy source in the future. In all links of hydrogen production, conversion, transportation, storage, and distribution and use, pressure monitoring is of crucial importance. Nuoying Jiaye has launched the NY3051 Pressure Transmitter, which is specially designed for hydrogen measurement and helps users conduct safe and reliable hydrogen production and operation. Hydrogen-Specific NY3051 Pressure Transmitter Product Features Adopts a gold-plated diaphragm design, which reduces hydrogen permeability and prevents the occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement; Utilizes a fully welded structure, featuring strong sealing performance; Equipped with an explosion-proof circuit, suitable for use in hazardous areas; Developed and verified for hydrogen environments. Product Applications Containerized, skid-mounted, and various customized hydrogen production systems; PEM fuel cells; Hydrogen fuel cell test stations; Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle test systems, etc. NYUK Capacitive Liquid Level Switch Product Features High insulation performance of 2KV; Operating temperature range from -40℃ to 125℃; Protection class IP67; Compact structure, easy to install and maintain. Product Applications Hydrogen fuel cell stacks: Monitors the liquid level changes inside the stack, prevents system failures caused by liquid accumulation, and ensures the efficient operation of fuel cells; Steam-water separators: Real-time monitors the liquid level in the separator, guarantees the separation effect, and improves the stability and safety of the system. Contact Information Website: https://www.radar-leveltransmitter.com/ Email: 2851571250@qq.com Phone: 15901050329

In the field of industrial automation level measurement, radar level transmitters have become core equipment in industries such as petrochemicals, water treatment, food and pharmaceuticals, thanks to their non-contact, high-precision, and strong adaptability advantages. Their working principle (radar level transmitter working principle) is the key to achieving accurate measurement. 1. Core Definition of Radar Level Transmitter: Clarifying Equipment Positioning and Functions A radar level transmitter is a level measurement device based on radar (electromagnetic wave) technology. It calculates the position of the liquid surface by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, converts the liquid level height signal into industrial standard electrical signals (such as 4-20mA current signals, RS485 digital signals), and realizes long-distance transmission, real-time monitoring, and automatic control of liquid level data. Compared with traditional level measurement equipment (such as float-type, ultrasonic-type), its core advantages lie in being unaffected by environmental factors such as medium density, viscosity, dust, and steam. It can be adapted to harsh industrial working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and strong corrosion, and its measurement accuracy remains stable for a long time. 2. Working Principle of Radar Level Transmitter: Dismantling of Four Core Processes The working logic of a radar level transmitter revolves around "electromagnetic wave transmission - reflection - reception - signal calculation". It infers the liquid level height through the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the liquid surface. The specific process is as follows: 2.1 Electromagnetic Wave Transmission: Directional Output of High-Frequency Signals The high-frequency oscillator inside the device generates electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency (commonly 6GHz, 26GHz). These electromagnetic waves are directionally transmitted to the liquid surface inside the container through a dedicated radar antenna (such as a horn antenna, rod antenna). Technical Key Point: The frequency of electromagnetic waves directly affects measurement performance. The higher the frequency, the narrower the beam angle (the beam angle of 26GHz is usually ≤3°), and the stronger the signal focusing, which is suitable for small-caliber containers or complex working conditions. Lower frequencies (such as 6GHz) result in a wider beam angle (about 15°), which is suitable for large-range measurement of large-caliber storage tanks and has stronger ability to penetrate dust and steam. 2.2 Electromagnetic Wave Reflection: Formation of Effective Echo on the Liquid Surface When the electromagnetic wave beam touches the liquid surface, due to the significant difference in dielectric constant between the liquid and air (the dielectric constant of the liquid is generally ≥1.8, much higher than that of air), most of the electromagnetic waves are reflected by the liquid surface to form an "effective echo signal". A small amount of electromagnetic waves will penetrate the liquid surface or be absorbed by the medium, which has a negligible impact on the measurement result. Adaptation Premise: As long as the dielectric constant of the liquid meets ≥1.8, a stable echo can be formed. If the dielectric constant of the medium is extremely low (such as some light oils, liquefied natural gas), a waveguide can be used to enhance the reflection effect and ensure the strength of the echo signal. 2.3 Echo Reception and Preprocessing: Eliminating Interference and Retaining Effective Signals The reflected echo signal returns along the original path and is received by the radar antenna. The signal processing module (equipped with MCU and DSP chips) inside the device performs filtering, amplification, and noise reduction processing on the echo signal, eliminating interference signals such as container wall reflection, environmental dust, and equipment vibration, and only retaining the effective echo related to the liquid surface, providing a precise data basis for subsequent calculations. 2.4 Liquid Level Calculation and Signal Output: Accurate Conversion to Industrial Standard Signals By calculating the "time difference (Δt) between the transmission time of electromagnetic waves and the reception time of echoes", and combining with the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in air (about 3×10⁸m/s under standard conditions, which can be calibrated in real time according to ambient temperature and pressure), the signal processing module infers the liquid level height through a formula: Liquid Level Height (H) = Total Container Height (H_total) - Distance from Radar Antenna to Liquid Surface (d) Among them, d = (Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Speed × Δt) / 2 (divided by 2 because the electromagnetic wave needs to travel back and forth between the antenna and the liquid surface). Special Technology: Some high-end devices adopt Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) technology. By transmitting electromagnetic waves with linearly changing frequencies, they calculate the frequency difference between the transmitted wave and the echo, and indirectly infer the distance. This is suitable for high-precision (error ≤ ±0.05%) and long-distance (measurement range up to 70m) liquid level measurement scenarios. After the calculation is completed, the device converts the liquid level height signal into industrial standard signals such as 4-20mA, RS485, or HART protocol, and transmits it to PLC, DCS control systems, or display instruments to realize real-time monitoring of the liquid level, over-limit alarm, or automatic liquid discharge/water supply control. 3. Technical Advantages of the Radar Level Transmitter Working Principle: Adapting to Core Industrial Needs Based on the above working principle, the radar level transmitter has three core technical advantages, which can accurately meet the needs of industrial scenarios: 3.1 Non-Contact Measurement: Avoiding Medium Corrosion and Wear Since electromagnetic waves do not need to be in direct contact with the liquid, there is no physical friction between the device and the medium. The antenna is made of anti-corrosion materials (such as Hastelloy, PTFE coating) and is equipped with IP67/IP68-level sealing design. It can withstand a maximum pressure of 60MPa and a temperature range of -60℃ to 400℃, and is suitable for working conditions of strong corrosion, high temperature, and high pressure. The service life of the device is extended to 5-8 years (the service life of traditional contact devices is usually less than 3 years). 3.2 Strong Anti-Interference Ability: Unaffected by Environment and Medium Characteristics The propagation of electromagnetic waves is not affected by medium density, viscosity, or color, and can penetrate dust, steam, and mist. Even in complex containers with agitators and baffles, through narrow beam design or echo tracking algorithms, the liquid surface echo can still be accurately identified, and the measurement stability is not affected by environmental changes. 3.3 High Precision and Wide Adaptability: Covering Multiple Industrial Scenarios Through optimizations such as high-frequency signal design, temperature and pressure compensation modules, and FMCW technology, the measurement error of the device can be controlled within ±0.1%, and the measurement range covers 0.1m-70m. It can be adapted to the level/material level measurement of liquids and some solid particles (such as plastic particles, coal powder), meeting the needs of multiple industries such as petrochemicals, water treatment, food and pharmaceuticals, and energy storage. 4. Answers to Core Questions Related to the Working Principle 4.1 What is the Principle Difference Between Radar Level Transmitters and Ultrasonic Level Meters? Both are non-contact measurement methods, but their core technologies are different: Radar level transmitters are based on electromagnetic wave reflection, unaffected by dust, steam, and temperature, with a wide measurement range (0.1m-70m) and suitable for complex working conditions. Ultrasonic level meters are based on sound wave reflection; sound waves are easily attenuated by dust and temperature, with a narrow measurement range (0.2m-10m), and only suitable for liquid measurement scenarios that are clean and free of interference. 4.2 How to Ensure the Measurement Accuracy of Radar Level Transmitters? Optimizations need to be made from the perspective of working principle adaptation: select a frequency matching the working condition (26GHz for complex working conditions), calibrate the electromagnetic wave propagation speed (real-time compensation based on ambient temperature and pressure), ensure that the liquid surface dielectric constant meets the requirements (use a waveguide for low dielectric constant media), and regularly clean the antenna to avoid interference from material buildup, so as to maintain high-precision measurement. 4.3 Which Special Working Conditions Are Radar Level Transmitters Suitable For? Based on their working principle, they can be adapted to special working conditions such as high temperature (≤400℃), high pressure (≤60MPa), strong corrosion (acid-base media), high dust (such as cement silos, coal powder tanks), and easy fogging (such as beverage fermentation tanks). Moreover, they do not require frequent maintenance and are the preferred liquid level measurement equipment in harsh industrial environments. 5. Conclusion: The Working Principle Determines the Core Competitiveness of the Equipment The working principle of the radar level transmitter centers on "electromagnetic wave interaction". Through precise transmission, reflection, reception, and calculation, it realizes non-contact, high-precision, and highly adaptable liquid level measurement. Its technical advantages stem from in-depth adaptation to the needs of industrial scenarios. Whether it is the anti-interference ability in harsh working conditions or the wide-range measurement adaptability, both are driven by the optimization and iteration of the working principle. With the upgrading of industrial automation, radar level transmitters based on advanced working principles will continue to be the core equipment for liquid level measurement in various industries, promoting industrial measurement towards a "more precise, more stable, and lower maintenance" direction. Contact Information Website: https://www.radar-leveltransmitter.com/ Email: 2851571250@qq.com Phone: 15901050329

1. The "Eyes" and "Brain" of the Density Control System in Coal Preparation Plants The differential pressure density meter works based on Pascal's law. It measures the static pressure difference generated by a liquid column of fixed height (H) to infer the medium density. In the heavy medium density control system, the density meter determines the quality of the separation effect, product quality, and economic benefits (clean coal loss, medium waste). Control target: Stabilize the suspension density at the set value (e.g., 1.45~1.55g/cm³) Dynamic response: When the accuracy is ±0.005g/cm³, the density fluctuation is reduced by 70% Direct Losses Caused by Accuracy Deviations (Taking a 10-million-ton-level coal preparation plant as an example) Density Deviation Clean Coal Yield Loss Medium Waste Annual Economic Loss +0.01g/cm³ 0.8%~1.2% 200~300 tons ≥ 5 million yuan -0.01g/cm³ Clean coal ash content exceeds the standard by 2% 150 tons of medium to be added 3 million yuan for quality claims The harsh working conditions in coal preparation plants (abrasion, corrosion, bubbles, slime interference, vibration) pose a severe test to the performance and service life of density meters. How to ensure accurate measurement accuracy while reducing the frequency of product replacement is the key to ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. 2. Accuracy is Paramount: Revealing the Accurate Measurement Method of Differential Pressure Density Meter The NYMD differential pressure density meter of Nuoying Jiaye adopts a 316L stainless steel diaphragm, which has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance; the flange and measuring chamber are made of 304 stainless steel; the DC200 silicone oil filling ensures higher sensitivity. It has a built-in temperature compensation function, and the inside and outside of the pipeline are treated with immersion-type PTFE anti-corrosion, leaving no dead ends or bubbles, thus extending the service life of the product. Accuracy: 0.002g/cm³ Linearity: 0.1% Response sensitivity: 0.2s The prices of differential pressure density meters vary from several thousand to tens of thousands of yuan, which is fundamentally due to differences in product workmanship and materials. Some products on the market may use ordinary 316L or even lower-grade stainless steel, which is insufficient in wear resistance. Therefore, some customers report that the diaphragm is severely worn or even leaks after only a few months of use. According to the feedback from actual cases, the NYMD differential pressure density meter can operate stably and measure accurately for 2 to 3 years, or even more than 5 years. High-quality products can reduce maintenance costs and the risk of shutdown. 3. Witness the Value: Successful Application of Differential Pressure Density Meter in Coal Preparation Plants Official Account: Nuoying Automation (NuoYing Automation) Case: Heavy medium system transformation in a large state-owned coal preparation plant Background: The original imported density meter had a long production cycle and could not guarantee after-sales service. Implementation effect: The measurement accuracy is stably within ±0.002g/cm³. The 316L diaphragm has no wear failure for 3 years, and the maintenance cost (spare parts cost, labor cost) is significantly reduced. The differential pressure density meter is the "industrial eye" of heavy medium separation, and its accuracy and service life are equivalent to economic benefits. Against the background of increasing coal quality fluctuations and greater benefit pressure, choosing a differential pressure density meter with high wear resistance and long service life can become a core technical support for coal preparation plants to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Contact Information Website: https://www.radar-leveltransmitter.com/ Email: 2851571250@qq.com Phone: 15901050329

In the fields of industrial control and building automation, RS-485 communication is widely favored due to its differential transmission, long-distance capability, and excellent anti-interference performance. However, in practical engineering, the "loop impedance", which affects communication stability, is often overlooked, leading to occasional packet loss and communication interruptions of equipment. Troubleshooting such issues is both time-consuming and laborious. This article will take a "life - close and easy - to - understand" approach to help you gain an in - depth understanding of what loop impedance is, why it is so important, and how to optimize it in design and debugging, so that RS-485 communication can be as smooth as a paved highway. 1. What is "Loop Impedance"? Imagine the water pipe system in your home: the water pump (driver) pushes water to the water consumption point (receiver), and then the water returns to the water pump through another pipe, forming a cycle. Factors such as the diameter of the pipe, elbows, branches, and water pressure will all affect the smooth flow of water. The "loop impedance" in a circuit is similar: it is the comprehensive manifestation of the "resistance" exerted on the AC signal in the entire closed loop where the signal starts from the transmitting end, transmits along the differential pair, reaches the receiving end, and then returns to the transmitting end. Resistance (R): It is like the frictional resistance determined by the diameter of the pipe. Inductance (L): It is similar to the valves and elbows in the pipe, which will cause a "hysteresis" effect when the signal changes. Capacitance (C): It can be compared to a water tank or a water storage tank, which stores energy and releases it instantaneously, affecting fluctuations. In the RS-485 system, the total "loop impedance" under the combined action of these three factors directly determines the quality and reliability of the signal. 2. How is Loop Impedance Composed? 2.1 Cable Characteristic Impedance (≈120 Ω) RS-485 communication cables usually use 120 Ω shielded twisted pairs, just like choosing a water pipe with a constant inner diameter to ensure the minimum loss of water flow (electrical signal). 2.2 Termination Matching Resistor A 120 Ω resistor is connected in parallel at each end of the line to "absorb" the signal energy and avoid "echo" - just like installing a silencing valve at the end of the pipe to prevent water hammer. 2.3 Input Impedance of Parallel Multi - Node Receiving Ends When multiple devices are connected in parallel on the bus, it is equivalent to connecting multiple branches to the pipeline. The overall impedance decreases, and the signal is more likely to be "shunted", which may result in the receiving end not receiving a sufficient level. 2.4 Connectors and Protection Components Each connector, each TVS diode, or each protection device will add a little discontinuity, just like the joint at the pipe interface is not sealed tightly, which will cause local leakage or blockage. 2.5 Common - Mode Loop and Grounding Method Although RS-485 is differential communication, the ground wire will still form a loop, which is "uninvited" to common - mode interference. The ground potential difference between different devices is like the water level difference between different water towers in a water supply system, which will cause problems such as "backflow" or "cross - flow". 3. Why is "Impedance Continuity" So Important? 3.1 Signal Integrity Impedance mismatch will make the signal "bounce back" like hitting a reflective wall, resulting in waveform distortion, ringing, and overshoot. In the end, the receiver cannot distinguish whether it is "1" or "0". 3.2 Transmission Distance and Rate Unstable impedance is equivalent to increased water leakage in the pipe. When transmitting over long distances or at high speeds, the loss is more serious, and the signal may be "exhausted" before reaching the destination. 3.3 Anti - Interference Ability Discontinuous impedance is like a gap in the pipe, which is more likely to be "infiltrated" by external electromagnetic interference, increasing the bit error rate. 3.4 Power Consumption and Equipment Life The driver will output a larger current to make up for the signal attenuation, just like a water pump running at a large flow rate for a long time will wear out faster, leading to heat generation, power consumption, and life risks. 4. Practical Key Points for Design and Optimization Core principle: Maintain impedance continuity, making it as flat, constant in width, and with few branches as a paved road. 4.1 Choose the Right Cable Use shielded twisted pairs with a nominal value of 120 Ω.The shield layer should be reliably grounded: whether to ground one end or both ends should be weighed according to the actual interference environment. 4.2 Wiring Specifications The differential pair must be routed with equal length and equal spacing to avoid uneven impedance caused by one side being too long.Differential traces on the PCB should not cross the ground plane division, and should be laid on the same layer or use a symmetrical ground plane as much as possible. 4.3 Termination Resistor and Split Termination Connect a 120 Ω termination resistor in parallel at each end of the bus.If it is necessary to suppress common - mode noise, "split termination" can be used: connect two 60 Ω resistors in series, and connect a small capacitor in parallel at the midpoint to the ground, which is equivalent to adding a "muffler" to the signal path. 4.4 Fail - Safe Bias Keep the receiver output at a stable known level (usually logic "1") when the bus is idle.A pull - up resistor can be added to pull up the differential line A and a pull - down resistor to pull down the differential line B to avoid signal floating when the line is broken or no one is transmitting. 4.5 Reasonable Topology Prioritize the use of "linear topology" (straight line), and install termination resistors only at the physical ends.Avoid star, ring, or too many long branches, just like avoiding inserting branches randomly on the main road to prevent traffic jams. 4.6 Rate and Edge Control The faster (steeper) the signal edge, the more serious the reflection. For long - distance transmission, a slope - limited transceiver can be used or the baud rate can be appropriately reduced to match the "vehicle speed" with the "road conditions". 5. Debugging and Verification 5.1 Oscilloscope Testing Use a differential probe to observe the voltage waveform of the A/B line, and check for ringing, overshoot, or attenuation. Compare the baud rate with the theoretical signal waveform to determine whether slope limiting or rate adjustment is needed. 5.2 Segmented Troubleshooting Disconnect the branches section by section, observe the waveform changes, and locate the position of impedance discontinuity or common - mode problems. 5.3 Replacement and Optimization Try replacing the cable, termination resistor, or adding a common - mode choke in the suspected area to see the effect of the change. Optimize the grounding layout to reduce the ground loop interference caused by multi - point grounding. 5.4 EMI/ESD Protection Configure TVS tubes and common - mode chokes reasonably to resist external surges without excessive signal absorption.Ensure that the parasitic parameters (capacitance, inductance) of the protection components have a controllable impact on the total impedance. 6. Common "Pitfalls" for Engineers Only one end of the termination resistor is installed, resulting in serious reflection at the other end. The position of the termination resistor is incorrect, and it is not placed at the physical end. There are too many or too long branches, and the signal rebounds repeatedly at the branches. Blindly choosing non - 120 Ω cables, which have a large matching difference with the receiver. Ignoring the ground potential difference between devices, resulting in excessive common - mode voltage. Fully relying on the internal Fail - Safe of the transceiver without external bias, leading to frequent misjudgments when the line is broken.

With high-precision measurement, excellent environmental adaptability, and intelligent functions, 80G radar level transmitters are becoming an indispensable key technology in the environmental protection and energy sector. In the environmental protection and energy industry, efficient and accurate level measurement is crucial for ensuring the continuity, safety, and economy of the production process. Traditional level measurement technologies often face challenges under complex working conditions, and the emergence of 80GHz high-frequency radar level transmitters provides a perfect solution to these problems. It not only achieves high-precision measurement (up to ±1mm) but also can withstand extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, dust, and steam, injecting new impetus into environmental protection and energy applications such as waste incineration power generation and chemical production. I. Challenges of Level Measurement in the Environmental Protection and Energy Industry The production environment of the environmental protection and energy industry is usually extremely complex and harsh. In waste incineration power plants, waste storage bins are filled with biogas, corrosive gases, and pungent odors generated by fermentation. The irregular state of materials makes it difficult for traditional measuring equipment to work accurately. Any measurement error may affect the normal operation of the incinerator and even cause potential safety hazards. Various reaction kettles and storage tanks in chemical production enterprises also have extremely high requirements for liquid level measurement. Many factors such as corrosive media, small storage tanks, high temperature and high pressure, and interference from stirring blades are testing the technical content and practicality of level measurement products. II. Technological Breakthroughs of 80G Radar Level Transmitters 80G radar level transmitters adopt Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) technology, with a frequency as high as 80GHz. This high-frequency signal brings multiple advantages: an extremely narrow beam angle (minimum 3°), stronger signal strength, a smaller measurement blind zone (minimum 1-2cm), and higher measurement accuracy (±1mm). Its antenna system is made of corrosion-resistant PTFE material or high-temperature resistant ceramic material. The specially designed "triple protective sealing" structure enables it to operate safely under harsh working conditions with a maximum temperature of 450°C and a maximum process pressure of 160bar. The intelligent signal processing system can automatically identify and eliminate interference signals caused by tank vibration and liquid fluctuation, further improving measurement accuracy and reliability. III. Typical Case Analysis Shandong Chemical Enterprise: Successful Practice of Localization Replacement A chemical enterprise in Shandong faced challenges in liquid level measurement of its DMF (Dimethylformamide) tank. The height of the DMF tank is only 30cm, making it impossible for most instruments to be used normally. Conventional 26G radars have a blind zone of 20cm, which cannot meet the requirements of small-range working conditions. Although magnetostrictive level transmitters have a smaller blind zone, their measuring rods cannot work normally after coming into contact with the corrosive medium. After selecting the 80G frequency-modulated radar, it perfectly solved the measurement problem of small-range working conditions with a blind zone of only 1-2cm. The antenna adopts anti-corrosion treatment with PTFE flanging, ensuring that all liquid-contacting parts will not be corroded by the medium and guaranteeing long-term stable operation. Jiangsu Food Additive Factory: Stable Performance Under Complex Working Conditions A food additive factory in Jiangsu faced multiple challenges such as high temperature (130°C), stirring, foam, and steam in the liquid level measurement of its reaction kettle. The customer had previously tried multiple types of level transmitters, but none of them could measure the correct liquid level stably. After selecting the NYRD series 80G high-frequency radar level transmitter, with settings by professional technicians, it could normally measure the liquid level height. When there was foam on the liquid surface in the tank and stirring was in progress, false echo learning was carried out during empty tank stirring, ensuring that real-time echo signals could be received when measuring the liquid level. IV. Solutions, Advantages, and Value 80G radar level transmitters provide a comprehensive solution for solving level measurement problems under complex working conditions in the environmental protection and energy industry. For working conditions with strong dust, an integrated air-purged antenna can be selected. It is convenient to use by connecting to an air source and can well solve the impact of material adhesion on measurement. For corrosive and pressurized occasions, a stainless steel fully PTFE-lined sealed flange antenna can be used, with an integral lens antenna type with a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing surface, ensuring that corrosive gases and liquids do not enter the interior of the equipment. For ultra-high temperature occasions above 200°C, a high-temperature isolation device can be installed. For flammable and explosive hazardous working conditions, a dual-cavity explosion-proof radar can be selected, with complete intrinsic safety and flameproof explosion-proof types to ensure safe and reliable operation. The value brought by 80G radar level transmitters is obvious: production efficiency is significantly improved, on-site measurement data remains stable for a long time, providing a solid guarantee for the precise control of the production process. At the same time, the workload of manual measurement is greatly reduced, effectively lowering labor costs and avoiding safety risks of manual operation in harsh environments. Conclusion As the environmental protection and energy industry moves towards intelligence and digitalization, 80G radar level transmitters are also continuously innovating and upgrading. The new-generation products support a variety of communication protocols, such as PROFIBUS PA, HART, and the innovative Ethernet-APL digital communication protocol, enabling bidirectional and fast data transmission with asset management systems. The Heartbeat Technology equipped in the instrument makes all equipment statuses and process parameters clear at a glance. Users can generate equipment status reports online, easily realize process monitoring, and identify conditions such as foam, adhesion, and abnormal voltage in the circuit at an early stage, thereby achieving preventive maintenance and preventing losses caused by unexpected shutdowns. It supports mobile phone Bluetooth debugging, remote debugging, and remote upgrade functions, which greatly simplifies the operation and maintenance process. The instrument is equipped with a Chinese debugging wizard function, allowing on-site instrument management personnel to easily get started without special training. In case of a fault alarm, the fault cause and corresponding treatment measures will be displayed. With the acceleration of the industrial digitalization process, 80G radar level transmitters are continuously integrating more powerful intelligent functions. Heartbeat Technology makes equipment statuses and process parameters clear at a glance, and remote debugging and upgrade functions greatly reduce operation and maintenance costs. In the future, in the intelligent transformation of the environmental protection and energy industry, 80G radar level transmitters will continue to serve as a key enabling technology, promoting the industry towards a safer, more efficient, and greener direction. Contact Information Website: https://www.radar-leveltransmitter.com/ Email: 2851571250@qq.com Phone: 15901050329

Electromagnetic Flowmeters (EMF), a type of advanced flow measurement instrument that rose to prominence in the 1950s-1960s alongside the development of electronic technology, have evolved into a diverse range of products to meet varied industrial needs. Recently, our company has successfully completed the production of 158 customized electromagnetic flowmeters for a German client, which are now ready for packaging and shipment. This batch of flowmeters, tailored to the client's specific requirements, covers multiple types designed for different application scenarios, showcasing our strength in providing professional flow measurement solutions. Electromagnetic flowmeters are categorized into various types based on their uses, each serving distinct industrial fields. The general-purpose type, the mainstay of our product line, is widely applied in industries such as metallurgy, petrochemicals, papermaking, textiles, water supply and drainage, sewage treatment, pharmaceuticals, food processing, biotechnology, and fine chemicals. It operates within a specific range of medium conductivity, ensuring accurate measurement for general industrial flows. For hazardous environments, our explosion-proof electromagnetic flowmeters are the ideal choice. Currently, most are of the flameproof type, while intrinsically safe (safety spark) models with reduced excitation power have also been developed, suitable for integral installation in dangerous areas. This batch for the German client includes explosion-proof units, catering to potential safety-critical operations in their industrial setup. In industries with strict hygiene standards like pharmaceuticals, food, and biochemistry, our sanitary electromagnetic flowmeters stand out. They meet relevant hygiene requirements, featuring easy disassembly for cleaning and compatibility with regular sterilization processes, ensuring compliance with stringent production norms. Additionally, our product range includes submersible-proof flowmeters for underground installations, capable of withstanding short-term water immersion; submersible types for open channels or non-full closed channels, designed for long-term underwater operation; and insertion-type flowmeters for large-diameter pipelines, offering a cost-effective solution for flow control systems despite their lower accuracy. This successful cooperation with the German client not only demonstrates the reliability and versatility of our electromagnetic flowmeters but also reflects our ability to meet customized demands from global customers. Whether for general industrial use, hazardous environments, hygiene-sensitive fields, or special installation conditions, we can provide tailored flow measurement solutions. If you are in need of electromagnetic flowmeters for any application, please feel free to contact us. Contact Information Website: https://www.radar-leveltransmitter.com/ Email: 2851571250@qq.com Phone: 15901050329

In the field of industrial automation and precision measurement, the "size" and "performance" of equipment are often a focus of trade-offs. Compact pressure transmitters, with their unique advantages, are becoming the ideal choice for space-constrained scenarios and high-precision measurement needs. This article combines practical application cases to deeply analyze their core advantages, selection points, and typical scenarios, providing practical references for industry users.​ I. Small Size, Unleashing Multiple Usage Values​ The core competitiveness of compact pressure transmitters first lies in their "small but refined" design concept.​ Spatial adaptability is a notable highlight. For scenarios such as chemical production lines with dense pipelines and small internal cavities of equipment, their compact size can be flexibly embedded. Combined with multiple installation methods such as threads and flanges, the space occupation cost is significantly reduced. In the hydraulic system transformation of an auto parts factory, after adopting this type of transmitter, the equipment integration degree increased by 40%, and the maintenance channel space was retained.​ Measurement performance is also excellent. Products equipped with high-precision sensors can accurately capture parameters such as absolute pressure, gauge pressure, and differential pressure, and have outstanding anti-interference capabilities against environmental temperature fluctuations and mechanical vibrations. In the pressure monitoring of reaction kettles in the pharmaceutical industry, the long-term measurement error is controlled within ±0.1%FS, meeting the strict requirements of GMP for process stability.​ The wide range of applications further expands its application boundaries. It can stably measure corrosive liquids (such as acid-base solutions), high-temperature steam, and clean gases (such as medical oxygen), with a measuring range covering the entire interval from negative pressure to high pressure. At the same time, the output of standard 4-20mA current signals or RS485 digital signals enables it to easily interface with PLC and DCS systems, realizing remote monitoring and automatic adjustment.​ The enhancement of protective capabilities ensures reliability in complex environments. Some models have passed IP65/IP68 protection certifications and can operate stably for a long time in humid sewage treatment plants, dusty cement plants, and even coastal high-salt-fog environments, reducing maintenance frequency.​ II. Scientific Selection, Matching Scene Requirements​ The accuracy of the selection process directly determines the performance of the equipment. Users need to focus on the following dimensions:​ Adaptation to medium and environment is the prerequisite. When measuring corrosive media, materials such as 316L stainless steel or Hastelloy should be selected; for high-temperature environments (such as steam pipelines), high-temperature-resistant models should be matched; for sanitary scenarios (such as food filling lines), the design of sanitary interfaces such as 3A certification should be confirmed.​ The selection of range and accuracy should be in line with reality. It is recommended to set the upper limit of the range according to 80% of the measured value (reserving about 20% margin to deal with peaks). The accuracy level is selected according to the scenario: 0.5 level can be used for industrial process control, and 0.1 level high-precision models can be used for laboratory measurement.​ The compatibility of signals and installation cannot be ignored. When the backend control system is PLC, 4-20mA current signals are preferred for anti-interference; RS485 digital signals are recommended for long-distance transmission scenarios. The installation method should match the on-site pipeline specifications. For example, G1/2 threads are suitable for small-diameter pipelines, and flange connections are suitable for large-diameter or high-pressure occasions.​ III. Scene Implementation, Witnessing Technical Strength​ In practical applications in various industries, compact pressure transmitters have performed admirably:​ In HVAC systems, their low-power design and small size perfectly adapt to the pressure monitoring of fan coils in air conditioning units, helping with building energy-saving transformations; in the medical equipment field, biocompatible materials and high-precision measurement meet the liquid pressure control needs of hemodialysis machines; in mobile hydraulic equipment (such as construction machinery), anti-vibration and anti-shock designs ensure real-time pressure feedback of hydraulic systems; in clean workshops of the food and pharmaceutical industry, sanitary interfaces and anti-corrosion performance ensure the safe measurement of media such as sauces and medicinal liquids.​ As the "nerve endings" of industrial measurement, compact pressure transmitters carry the responsibility of precise measurement and stable operation with their small size. Through scientific selection and scene adaptation, they are becoming a key link in automation upgrades, injecting "invisible power" into efficient production and safety control in various industries.​ For more model parameters or customized solutions, you can visit professional platforms to obtain detailed technical data and let the exquisite design empower your production efficiency.

Key Factors to Consider for Selection​ 1. Medium Characteristics​ Fluid Type: Clearly identify whether it is gas, liquid, or steam. Different types of fluids have varying adaptabilities to flow meters. For example, Verabar and Delta Bar are more accurate in measuring gases and steam. For liquids, their viscosity and corrosiveness need to be considered. For low-viscosity liquids (≤10 cP), Verabar can be selected; for corrosive liquids, Delta Bar can better adapt due to its special material and structure.​ Temperature and Pressure: Understand the operating temperature and pressure range of the fluid. If the temperature is as high as 650℃ and the pressure is ≤32MPa, the enhanced Pitot Bar can meet the requirements; for extreme temperatures ranging from -200℃ to 1240℃ and high pressures up to 68MPa, Delta Bar is a suitable choice.​ 2. Accuracy Requirements​ If extremely high accuracy is required, such as in trade settlement scenarios, Annubar has high accuracy under suitable working conditions but comes with high maintenance costs. If the accuracy requirement is around ±5% - 10% and cost-effectiveness is pursued, in low-flow rate scenarios, the enhanced Pitot Bar combined with AI compensation can meet the needs.​ 3. Turndown Ratio Requirements​ When the flow range fluctuates greatly and a larger turndown ratio is needed, Delta Bar's 30:1 turndown ratio and the enhanced Pitot Bar's 50:1 turndown ratio have more advantages. For situations where the flow range is relatively stable and the turndown ratio requirement is not high, such as 5:1 or 10:1, T-type Bar and Verabar can also meet the usage needs.​ 4. Pipeline Conditions​ Pipe Diameter: Large-diameter pipelines (above DN300) are the advantageous field of bar-type flow meters, and different types are applicable to different pipe diameters. For example, Verabar is applicable to pipe diameters of DN38 - 9000mm; for ultra-large diameters (above DN9000mm), Delta Bar has corresponding models (such as H150 type).​ Pipeline Shape: Some bar-type flow meters support circular, square, or rectangular pipelines. For example, Verabar supports circular and square pipes; Annubar is suitable for square/rectangular pipelines.​ 5. Convenience of Installation and Maintenance​ Installation Space and Method: Some models support online plugging, such as Delta Bar's H350 type, which is suitable for non-stop maintenance scenarios. For situations with limited installation space, models with a compact structure need to be selected.​ Maintenance Frequency and Difficulty: Annubar requires regular cleaning of pressure taps, with moderate maintenance difficulty; the enhanced Pitot Bar has a higher maintenance frequency, requiring cleaning of pressure taps every 6 months; Verabar has an excellent anti-clogging design, making maintenance relatively simple.​ 6. Cost Budget​ The price of bar-type flow meters varies depending on the type and pipe diameter. Taking DN800 as an example, the price of the enhanced Pitot Bar is about 40,000 - 80,000 yuan, with outstanding cost-effectiveness; Annubar is about 120,000 - 180,000 yuan, with a relatively high price. When selecting, it is necessary to combine the enterprise's budget, comprehensively consider performance and price, and choose the most cost-effective product.​ Selection Suggestions for Different Application Scenarios​ 1. Ultra-Low Flow Rate Scenarios (

Project Background A large - scale chemical plant is mainly engaged in the production and storage of various chemical raw materials. In its production process, it involves a variety of corrosive liquids, high - viscosity media, and slurries containing particles. It has extremely high requirements for the accuracy, stability, and safety of liquid level measurement. Previously, the traditional liquid level measurement equipment used in the plant often had large measurement errors and frequent maintenance due to problems such as medium corrosion and scaling, which seriously affected production efficiency and safe production. In order to solve this problem, after multiple investigations, the plant finally chose to cooperate with our company (Nuoying Jiaye) and introduced a variety of high - performance radar level meters and related supporting equipment. Selected Products and Reasons According to the working conditions and measurement needs of the chemical plant, we recommended and provided the following products for it: NYRD - 805 Non Contact Level Transmitter: Made of PTFE material, it has good corrosion resistance, with a measuring range of 0 - 10m, suitable for non - contact liquid level measurement of various corrosive liquids. Its non - contact measurement feature can avoid direct contact with corrosive media and reduce the risk of equipment damage. 26GHz Radar Level Transmitter (2 Wire And 4 Wire): It has two power supply modes: 2 - wire and 4 - wire, which can adapt to different on - site power supply conditions. It can accurately measure the liquid level of various media and has played an important role in the measurement of multiple storage tanks in the chemical plant. IP67 GWR Radar Level Transmitter 316L Stainless Steel: Made of 316L stainless steel, with a protection level of IP67, it is suitable for relatively harsh working conditions, especially in occasions with dust and humidity. It can accurately measure high - viscosity media and slurries containing particles. Construction Process Preliminary Survey and Scheme Design: Our technical personnel went to the chemical plant in advance to conduct a detailed survey on the location, size, medium characteristics, and working environment of each storage tank. Based on the survey results and combined with the plant's production process and measurement requirements, a personalized liquid level measurement scheme was formulated, determining the installation position, installation method of each radar level meter, as well as the relevant wiring and commissioning plans. Equipment Installation: For corrosive liquid storage tanks, we chose to install the NYRD - 805 Non Contact Level Transmitter at a suitable position on the top of the storage tank, using a bracket fixing method to ensure that the sensor keeps a safe distance from the medium and avoid contamination of the equipment by medium splashing. For storage tanks containing high - viscosity media and slurries with particles, the IP67 GWR Radar Level Transmitter 316L Stainless Steel was installed using a flange connection method to ensure the equipment is firmly installed and facilitate later maintenance. The 26GHz Radar Level Transmitter was installed in 2 - wire and 4 - wire modes according to the on - site power supply conditions, and wiring was carried out in strict accordance with electrical installation specifications to ensure correct and safe line connection. Commissioning and Calibration: After the equipment installation is completed, the technical personnel carefully debugged each radar level meter. By setting appropriate parameters such as measurement range and output signal, the equipment can accurately reflect the liquid level change. At the same time, multiple calibration tests were conducted to compare the measurement results with the actual liquid level, and the equipment performance was continuously optimized until the measurement error was controlled within the allowable range. Operation Effect High Measurement Accuracy: After being put into operation, each radar level meter can accurately measure the liquid level of different media with small measurement errors, meeting the chemical plant's requirements for liquid level measurement accuracy and providing reliable data support for the precise control of the production process. Good Stability: During long - term operation, the equipment has shown good stability, not affected by factors such as changes in the physical properties of the medium, temperature fluctuations, and dust, reducing production fluctuations caused by unstable measurement. Low Maintenance Cost: Due to the corrosion resistance and anti - scaling characteristics of the selected radar level meters, the incidence of equipment damage and failures is reduced, and the maintenance frequency and cost are lowered. At the same time, the intelligent function of the equipment facilitates remote monitoring and fault diagnosis, further improving maintenance efficiency. Improved Safety: Accurate liquid level measurement avoids safety hazards such as overflow due to too high liquid level or idling due to too low liquid level, providing a strong guarantee for the safe production of the chemical plant. Customer Evaluation The person in charge of the chemical plant said: "Nuoying Jiaye's radar level meter products have excellent performance, and the construction team is professional and efficient, perfectly solving the long - standing problem of liquid level measurement in our plant. The equipment operates stably and reliably, which not only improves production efficiency but also greatly reduces safety risks. It is a very successful cooperation. We are very satisfied with Nuoying Jiaye's products and services and will continue to maintain cooperative relations in the future." Through this cooperation with the chemical plant, the excellent performance and reliable performance of our radar level meters in complex working conditions of the chemical industry have been fully demonstrated. We will continue to uphold the concept of "focusing on the research, development, production, sales of industrial automation instruments and providing Internet of Things solutions" to provide high - quality products and professional services for more industry customers.

Interface measurement: Guided wave radar can measure the Interface, such as the oil-water interface, the interface between liquid and slurry, etc. This function is very important in petrochemical, chemical and other industries, especially in multiphase liquid systems to measure the height of the boundary between different media. The following details explain its principle, implementation mode and working condition requirements.     1. Basic principle of interface measurement   Guided wave radar measurement interface is based on dielectric constant difference and electromagnetic wave reflection principle. 1. Electromagnetic wave reflection mechanism: • The electromagnetic wave emitted by the guided wave radar will partially reflect when it encounters different media. The strength of this reflection depends on the difference in permittivity between adjacent media. • A medium with a high dielectric constant reflects a stronger signal. For example, the dielectric constant of water (≈80) is much higher than that of oil (≈2~4), so the reflected signal is very obvious at the oil-water interface. 2. Signal distribution: • Electromagnetic waves first encounter the liquid surface (for example, the top of the oil layer), where the first reflection occurs. • The remaining electromagnetic wave continues to propagate until it reaches the oil-water interface, producing a second reflection. • After receiving the two reflected signals, the instrument calculates the liquid level height and the interface height respectively through the time difference and signal strength. 3. Dual interface measurement: • For oil-water mixtures, the guided wave radar can simultaneously measure the oil level position at the top and the oil-water interface height at the bottom.   2. Method of interface measurement   2.1 Signal Processing   Guided wave radar uses a special signal analysis algorithm to achieve interface measurement: • Signal strength analysis: • Distinguish the top liquid level from the bottom interface by analyzing the strength of the reflected signal. A medium with a high dielectric constant (such as water) reflects a stronger signal, while a medium with a low dielectric constant (such as oil) has a weaker signal. • Time difference calculation: • The instrument records the time of each reflected signal and, combined with the known wave velocity, calculates the position of the top liquid level and interface respectively.   2.2 Multiple Calibration   In actual conditions, the interface measurement requires factory calibration or field calibration of the guided wave radar: • Factory calibration: Manufacturers pre-set parameters according to the permittivity of common media. • On-site calibration: The user sets and optimizes the instrument according to the specific medium, such as entering the dielectric constant value of different media.   3. Working condition requirements of interface measurement   3.1 Medium Requirements   1. Dielectric constant difference: • The accuracy of the interface measurement is directly related to the dielectric constant difference. The greater the dielectric constant difference, the stronger the interface reflected signal and the more reliable the measurement. • Examples of typical media differences: • Water and oil: large differences, easy to measure. • Alcohol vs. oil: The difference is smaller and may require a more sensitive instrument. 2. Uniformity: • The measured medium should be as uniform as possible, for example, the oil-water interface should be clear. If the medium has a large fluctuation or mixing zone (emulsion layer), it may lead to measurement errors.   3.2 Environment Requirements   1. Stirring and fluctuation: • If the interface fluctuates violently (such as violently stirring or tossing), the reflected signal may be unstable. • It is recommended to measure under static or more stable conditions. 2. Temperature and pressure: • Guided wave radar can generally adapt to high temperature and pressure, but it is necessary to ensure that the rod material can withstand the actual working conditions. • Large temperature gradients may have a slight effect on signal propagation speed, but the instrument can be corrected by compensation. 3. Container shape and obstacles: • The probe rod should avoid stirrers, escalators or other structural obstacles to avoid interfering with signal propagation.   3.3 Dielectric constant input   • Interface measurement requires the permittivity of both media to be entered in advance. • If the permittivity of the two media is too close (e.g., the difference is less than 5), the guided wave radar may have difficulty accurately distinguishing the interface.   4. Advantages and limitations of interface measurement   advantage   1. Non-contact measurement (through the probe rod) : no direct contact with the interface, strong durability. 2. Accurately distinguish the interface: it can measure the top liquid level and the interface position at the same time, providing comprehensive information of multi-layer liquid. 3.Resistant to complex conditions: suitable for high temperature, high pressure, corrosive media environment. 4. Easy integration: Compatible with industrial automation systems, remote data monitoring can be achieved.   limitation   1. Strong dependence on dielectric constant difference: the interface with small dielectric constant difference is difficult to measure. 2. Impact of emulsion layer: • If there is an emulsifying layer between the two media (such as an oil-water mixture), the reflected signal may be dispersed and the height of the interface can be measured inaccurately. 3. Interference signals: stirrers or other devices may cause pseudo-reflected signals. 4. Calibration complexity: It is necessary to accurately understand the characteristics of the measured medium in order to carry out effective calibration. 5. Typical application scenarios   1. Oil-water separator: used to measure the height of the oil level and the position of the oil-water interface to ensure the purity of the oil. 2. Chemical reaction tank: monitoring the stratification state of different liquids during the reaction process. 3. Sewage treatment: Measure the height of the clean water layer and the sludge interface to optimize the process operation. 4. Tank level management: Accurate measurement of each liquid layer in the mixed liquid tank.   Sum up   Guided wave radar can accurately measure the interface height of liquid by detecting the reflected signals of different media. The key lies in the difference of dielectric constant and signal processing technology. Although it has certain requirements for working conditions and medium characteristics, its high accuracy and wide applicability make it the preferred tool for multiphase liquid interface measurement.                                                                                                                                             Thank you 

Guided wave radar is a kind of instrument that uses electromagnetic wave to measure liquid level and material level, which is often used to measure the position of liquid, slurry or solid particles in industrial environment. It has the characteristics of high precision, durability and adaptability to a variety of working conditions. The following is a detailed explanation from the basic principle, working process, applicable conditions, advantages and disadvantages.    1. How it works Guided wave radar is based on Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), which transmits and reflects electromagnetic waves to measure the position of the medium. • Core components: • Sounding rod or cable: the carrier that guides the propagation of electromagnetic waves. • Transmitter: emits low-energy, high-frequency electromagnetic waves (usually microwaves). • Receiving device: receiving the electromagnetic wave signal reflected back. • Electronic unit: processing and analyzing signals and output measurement results. • Measurement process: 1. The instrument emits electromagnetic waves through the probe rod or cable. 2. Electromagnetic waves propagate along the probe rod or cable, and when encountering the measured medium (such as liquid or solid particles), some electromagnetic waves will be reflected back because the dielectric constant of the medium is different from that of air. 3. The instrument records the time it takes for electromagnetic waves to be emitted and reflected back (time of flight). 4. According to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the probe rod (known), calculate the distance of the wave from the probe to the surface of the medium. 5. Combined with the length of the probe rod and the size of the container, calculate the liquid level or material level.       2. Operating conditions   Guided wave radar is widely used in industrial fields, suitable for a variety of complex conditions, as follows:   2.1 Liquid Measurement   • Clean liquids such as water, solvents, oils. • Viscous liquid: such as petroleum, resin, slurry, etc.   2.2 Measurement of solid particles   • Low density solids: such as plastic particles, powders. • High density solids: such as sand, cement, grain, etc.   2.3 Complex Operating Conditions   • High temperature and high pressure: Guided wave radar can withstand extreme temperatures (such as up to 400 ° C) and high pressure environments. • Volatile or foam surfaces: Foam or volatile liquid surfaces can interfere with other measurement methods, but guided wave radars can usually cope. • Corrosive media: Through the selection of corrosion-resistant materials (such as teflon coated probe rod), it can be used in corrosive environments such as acid and alkali.     3. Advantages and disadvantages   3.1 Advantages   1. High precision: The measurement accuracy is usually up to ±2 mm, which is very suitable for process control requiring high accuracy. 2. Not affected by working conditions: • Not affected by changes in temperature, pressure, density, viscosity and other medium properties. • Penetrable to dust, steam or foam. 3. Wide range of application: almost all liquids and most solids can be measured. 4. Maintenance-free: no moving parts, small wear, long service life. 5. Flexible installation: It can be installed on the top of the container and measured by the probe rod or probe cable.   3.2 Disadvantages   1. High installation requirements: • The probe rod or cable should be kept at a certain distance from the vessel wall to avoid interference. • There are requirements for the length of the probe rod, and the applicable measurement range is limited (usually within tens of meters). 2. Depends on the installation environment: • If there are stirrers or obstructions in the container, it may interfere with the signal. • For some very low dielectric constant media (such as some oil products), the reflected signal is weak, affecting the measurement. 3. High cost: Compared with other traditional level gauges (such as float type, pressure type), the initial cost is higher. 4. High signal processing requirements: under complex conditions, advanced signal processing technology may be required to distinguish multiple reflections.     4. Summarize the example   Suppose you have a bucket filled with water, you take a probe pole (guided wave radar), let a beam of electromagnetic waves propagate along the probe pole towards the surface of the water, when the electromagnetic wave reaches the surface, due to the different dielectric constants of water and air, part of the wave is reflected back. The radar equipment measures the back and forth time of the beam and can calculate the distance from the surface of the water to the starting point of the probe rod, thus knowing the height of the water.   Compared to the traditional "measuring the depth of the bucket with a ruler" method, the guided wave radar is not only fast and accurate, but also can work in harsh environments, such as the water in the bucket is high temperature or stirred. Through this method, guided wave radar can accurately measure liquid level or material level under complex conditions, which is suitable for various industrial applications. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the installation environment and measurement conditions in use to exert its best performance.                                                                                                                                Thank you